This paper attempts to further answer one of the key science questions that were the subject of the 5th IAGA/ICMA/SCOSTEP Vertical Coupling Workshop regarding the vertical coupling in the atmosphere–ionosphere system. The question can be summarized as: What are the physical mechanisms related to solar activity and space weather that influence atmospheric coupling and what is the role of these mechanisms in shaping Earth's atmosphere and climate in various scales? (Yiğit et al., 2016). This study is based on review of some recent developments in atmosphere-ionosphere science and investigation on comprehensive behavior of the lower and upper atmosphere. A comparison of GPS positioning 3-D vertical (MRSE) and horizontal (DRMS) root mean square positioning errors obtained from different pseudorange measurements at low and high latitude stations was employed. GPS observation data were processed and analyzed from 6th-12th November, 2004, using different pseudorange measurements i.e., L1 C/A, L1 P, L2 P codes and ionosphere-free combination ((C/A on L1 and P on L2) and (P on L1 and P on L2)). In order to assess the impact of the atmosphere on climate, different values of relative humidity were used. The study shows the effect of vertical coupling of atmosphere-ionosphere on climate.